For each integer coprime to there is a positive divisibility multiplier which preserves divisibility by for the following function on any positive integer, :
.
That is, if is the divisibility multiplier for , then is divisible by if and only if is divisible by .
(When is much larger than , will be less than and repeated application of provides a multiplicative divisibility test for .)
For example, the divisibility multiplier for is .
: and are both divisible by . : and are both not divisible by .
The sum of the divisibility multipliers for the primes that are coprime to and less than is . What is the sum of the divisibility multipliers for the primes that are coprime to and less than ?
Write-up coming later
The complete problem is available here. An approach, code, and answer will be added later.