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PROJECT EULER · #0647

Linear Transformations of Polygonal Numbers

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It is possible to find positive integers A and B such that given any triangular number, Tn, then ATn+B is always a triangular number. We define F3(N) to be the sum of (A+B) over all such possible pairs (A,B) with max(A,B)N. For example F3(100)=184.

Polygonal numbers are generalisations of triangular numbers. Polygonal numbers with parameter k we call k-gonal numbers. The formula for the nth k-gonal number is 12n(n(k2)+4k) where n1. For example when k=3 we get 12n(n+1) the formula for triangular numbers.

The statement above is true for pentagonal, heptagonal and in fact any k-gonal number with k odd. For example when k=5 we get the pentagonal numbers and we can find positive integers A and B such that given any pentagonal number, Pn, then APn+B is always a pentagonal number. We define F5(N) to be the sum of (A+B) over all such possible pairs (A,B) with max(A,B)N.

Similarly we define Fk(N) for odd k. You are given kFk(103)=14993 where the sum is over all odd k=3,5,7,.

Find kFk(1012) where the sum is over all odd k=3,5,7,

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